A class is defined by its pertinent quality set. The PQS contains those qualities which are common and unique to all objects in the class. THE CATECHISM There are Qualities, Objects and Classes. Qualities belong to Objects. Objects belong to Classes. An object is anything with an object quality set. The object quality set contains all the qualities of an Object. There are two kinds of objects, somethings and nothings. A Nothing is an object with an empty quality set. A something is an object with a non empty quality set. There can be only one Nothing. If there were two different nothings, they would have to have different object quality sets and thus one of them would have to be non empty and thus a something. If A and B are two DIFFERENT objects, then one or both are not nothings. If A and B are two objects, and A changes and B doesn't, then A is not B, i.e. A and B are two DIFFERENT objects. If A and B are separated by an actual distance, then A is not B, i.e. A and B are two different objects. If A and B are two different objects, the only way A can learn about B, is if B causes A to change state, that is if B has some effect on A. If B has no effect on A, then A can not learn anything about B including whether B exists or not. Since the only way A can learn about B is to be the effect of B, the only thing A can learn about B is how B affects A, namely B's causal qualities of relation to A. There are Qualities of Being and Qualities of Relation. Symbols are objects that are used to refer to Referrents. Referrents are objects that are referred to by Symbols. You can't be certain of the referent by looking at the symbol. The process of the electrons scanning the glass is not the same process or object as the photons leaving the glass from the phosphors. The state of an object is the state of its object quality set. A change in state in an object is a change in the state of that object's quality set. A process is a change in state in an object. A statement of fact is of the form 'Quality belongs to Object' or Object belongs to Class. Truth is a quality of relation between a statement of fact and a given specified actuality (object). There are 4 kinds of truth, observational, definitional, logical, and intuititional. Observational truths are true because you observe them. Definitional truths are true by definition. Logical truths are true because they are tautologies. Intuitional truths are 'true' because one's intutition says they must be so. Certainty is a quality of relation between a conscious unit and a given specified truth. The state of an object is its OQS. A change in state in an object is a change in state in its OQS. A process is a change in state in an object. There is followingness, Dependable Followingness, and Necessary Dependable Followingness. Cause is necessary dependable followingness. An object must have at least one quality of being before it can have qualities of relation. It is the qualities of being of on object that are in relation to the qualities of being of another object. Quality of beings are those qualities an object has alone. Qualities of relation are those qualities an object has by virtual of its unaloneness, its relation to other objects. Qualities of relation are equally true of both objects. It is true of the ball that it is above the desk, it is true of the desk that the ball is above the desk. The quality 'the ball is above the desk' belongs equally well to both the ball and the desk. Aloneness is a quality of being. Unaloneness is a quality of relation. The AllThatIs is alone and thus has no qualities of relation to objects outside of itself. There are 4 kinds of truth. Logical tautologies. Definitional Intuitive Observational. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Plate 1: Party Line A party line is a fixed idea, pet theory, or other philosophical vanity that when confronted by evidence or reason that it is wrong, over rules that evidence or reason. People may be stuck in one or more party lines. The core party line is the perfect certainty that perfect certainty is useless, undesirable or impossible. We call this 'mind broke'." Perfect certainty of uncertainty is the beginning of personal integrity. Plate 2: Logic Logic is the ethics of language, an observed description of IS AND IS NOT. If you say "All dogs are animals, and Joey is an animal, but Joey is not a dog", what have you said? If you say "All that comes from God is good, and Man came from God, but Man is not all good," what have you said? It is good that Man is not all good? Logic means: IS is IS. IS means IS. IS is not IS NOT. IS does not mean IS NOT. IS NOT is IS NOT. IS NOT means IS NOT. IS NOT is not IS. IS NOT does not mean IS. Bi valued logic means: A is A. A is not not A. Its not the case that A and not A. Any use of the word IS, is a use and assertion of the validity of bi valued logic. Some would assert that multi or infinite valued logic is a superset of bi valued logic, but the assertion that it *IS* anything, automatically makes it a subset of bi valued logic. To assert that infinite valued logic *IS* better than bi valued logic is to use bi valued logic to make the assertion. Multi valued logic allows for varying degrees of truth and falsity, bi valued logic only allows for true and false.