Rough draft... posted 7/19/2006 LEARNING, CERTAINTY AND CAUSALITY LCC-2 19 July 2006 Copyright (C) 2006 Homer W. Smith Redistribution rights granted for non commercial purposes. THE A's AND THE B's If A and B are two objects, and A changes state and B doesn't, then A and B were and are two DIFFERENT objects. If A and B are two different objects, then one or both are not nothings, as there can not be two different nothings. If A changes state, then A is or was a something. Proof: A nothing can not change state into a nothing, as that is a no change. Thus if A changes state, it either was a nothing and changed into a something, or it was a something and changed into another something, or it was a something and changed into a nothing. QED The following belongs in LCC-1. [A something can not come from nothing. If an object has the potential ability to change in to a something then its object quality set is not empty and thus it can not be a nothing. Thus if something exists now, something must have always existed. A something can not go into a nothing. Thus if something exists now, something will always exist. Something exists now. Therefore something has always existed, and something will aways exist.] If A and B are separated by a space or time or extension in any dimension, then A and B are two different objects. If A and B are two different objects, the only way B can learn about A, is if A causes B to change state, that is if A has some effect on B. No matter how much effect B has on A, if A has no effect on B, then B can not learn anything about A including whether A exists or not. Since the only way B can learn about A is to be the effect of A, the only thing B can learn about A is how A affects B, namely A's qualities of causal relation to B. Thus the only qualities that B can learn about A, are qualities of causal relation, namely how A caused B to change state. All other qualities about A are inferred as theories from A's qualities of causal relation. If B and A are two different objects, at no time does B have direct observation or contact with A. Thus even the qualities of causal relation of A are inferred by B from changes in B's own state. If B does not change state, there can be no learning at all about A. B's change in state IS B's learning about A. Since B's state gives no proof that B changed state, B can never be perfectly certain it learned anything about A even if B did change state as an effect of A. When B is learning about A, A is the referent and B is the symbol. All mechanical learning between two different objects is a symbol arising from a referent along a causal pathway. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Homer Wilson Smith The Paths of Lovers Art Matrix - Lightlink (607) 277-0959 KC2ITF Cross Internet Access, Ithaca NY homer@lightlink.com In the Line of Duty http://www.lightlink.com Tue Jul 18 23:09:25 EDT 2006